Chinese Numbers Explained

Frequency

Back: Duration
In addition to talking about how long something takes, you might want to talk about how often something happens, or how often you do something (like take some medicine, or trips to Hawaii). There are several ways to express frequency, the most common being
, and some other common ways we'll look at below. In general, to express the frequency of events
is used after the number:
Expressing Frequency
once一次yī cì
twice两次liǎng cì
thrice三次sān cì
To express the ordering of times of some event, you can use and together (Notice that here you use
èr
instead of
liǎng
):
Ordinal Frequency
first time 第一次 dì yī cì
second time 第二次 dì èr cì
third time 第三次 dì sān cì
You can also use
huí
to express frequency:
Expressing Frequency: 回
once一回yī huí
twice两回liǎng huí
thrice三回sān huí
Another word that is used to express frequency is
biàn
. This word emphasizes the experience of the whole process of something from beginning to end, so it is frequently used with things like reading books or watching movies:
I saw the movie three times
Isaw3timesmovie
看了电影
kàn lesānbiàndiàn yǐng
Finally, we have
tàng
. This word is specifically used to refer to trips, as the root meaning of the character is to take a journey.
I've been to Germany six times
GermanyIwent tosixtrips
德国去过
dé guóqù guòliùtàng

Rate

We can also talk about rates: how often something happens within some period of time:
. For example, once per hour, twice per day, three times a week, once a month, etc. In Chinese to express how often you do something, the time unit comes first, then the number of times it happens:
Three times a day
onedaythreetimes
tiānsān
Notice in the previous example we have a different word for day:
tiān
than would be used in a date. Here's another example with the same pattern:
Two times a week
oneweektwotimes
zhōuliǎng
Another variation uses the word for each/every:
měi
in front of the duration. So "each day" or "every day" instead of "a day" or "one day":
Twice each day
everydaytwotimes
měitiānliǎng
Once every 42 minutes
everyforty twominutesonetimes
四十二分钟
měisì shí èrfēn zhōng
Four times each hour
eachhourfourtimes
小时
měixiǎo shí
Notice the different word used for a duration of an hour
小时xiǎo shí
, as opposed to an hour on a clock
点钟diǎn zhōng
.
Here's a few more examples:
Sixty times per second
eachsecondsixtytimes
měimiǎoliùshí
Once each month
eachmonthonetime
měiyuè
Ten times a year
eachyeartentimes
měiniánshí
Once every four years
everyfouryearsonetimes
měinián
One last note about usage in the context of a larger phrase. While in English we typically keep the entire frequency phrase together, for example "I go to the bank twice each month", in Chinese the components are often split into parts. The general form looks like this: Subject (time period) verb (number of times) object. So the same phrase in Chinese would read like this:
"I go to the bank twice each month"
Ieachmonthgotwotimesbank
每个银行
měi gèyuèliǎngyín háng
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